With an allergy in the body, a distortion of immune responses occurs, which causes it to produce antibodies against harmless substances from the external environment, including food. A diet for allergies helps to reduce the tension of immunity in the presence of violations of its work (autoimmune diseases, etc. ) or if it has not yet been formed (in babies).The article provides a list of hypoallergenic foods, a list of foods that should not be eaten, nutritional recommendations for nursing mothers.
Hypoallergenic products
The food is foreign to the body in terms of its DNA structure, but this does not normally cause reactions. Even with a sufficient amount of enzymes, some protein molecules do not pass through complete fermentation into amino acids and can be absorbed into the bloodstream unchanged, causing allergies. An allergy diet consists of such products. These are vegetables, grains and fruits that grow in the human region, do not have a bright red color and do not contain many of the proteins and immune agents of the animals from which they are obtained.
When it comes to food allergies, remember thisyou cannot eat these foods:
Coffee, cocoa, chocolate.Reaction to these products is associated with cross-allergy to legumes. They are usually caused by the caffeine and theobromine in these products.
Semi-finished products, smoked products.They contain preservatives, food additives that cause true and pseudo-allergic reactions. When smoking, many carcinogens are formed.
Mushrooms.Rich in protein and difficult to ferment, they contain chitin and glucans in the cell wall.
Legumes(peas, beans, peanuts, lentils) - are known as a rich source of vegetable proteins, which serve as allergens.
Milk.In addition to the casein protein, milk contains antibodies to create passive immunity in the young animals from which it is obtained (cows, goats, etc. ).
Eggs.They contain albumin proteins and other nutrients necessary for the development of the bird embryo and may cause a reaction.
Fish and seafood.The presence of an M protein antigen resistant to heat treatment was found in them.
Cross allergy(vegetables and fruits). If the patient is allergic to pollen, then reactions occur to fruits and vegetables that have pollen similar in structure or that belong to the same genus (poplar, willow, apple). When you react to pollen, it's easier to determine exactly which foods to eliminate.
Meat.It contains a lot of protein, but usually due to denaturation during its preparation, the ability to sensitize is greatly reduced.
Cereals,especially wheat. They contain gluten, albumin and gliadin.
Pseudoallergic reactions and some hypervitaminoses have manifestations similar to allergies. The main difference is the appearance of symptoms at the first entry of foreign peptides into the body, and the dependence of the severity of the deterioration of the patient's condition on the amount of food eaten. Such reactions appear in bright red, sometimes orange fruits and vegetables (tomatoes, pomegranates, citrus fruits, strawberries).
What to eat - food list
Hypoallergenicthe diet requires the elimination of first-order allergens(exotic fruits and vegetables, strawberries, cocoa, mushrooms, peanuts, nuts, coffee, honey, seafood, eggs, fish and milk and its derivatives - milk powder and cheeses), andmoderate consumption of secondary allergens(cereals - wheat, rye, corn, buckwheat; legumes; potatoes; currants; blueberries; apricots; berries; fatty meats with soups rich in them; herbal tinctures).
The following types of food are allowed:
Lean meat;
food that undergoes partial fermentation during cooking;
products specific to the place of residence;
white and green vegetables;
underwear;
cereals.
Food list
Hypoallergenic productsallowed to eat:
Cereals: oatmeal, rice, as well as oatmeal and pearl barley.
Low-fat sour milk products without additives, made at home is better: cottage cheese (9%), kefir (1%), baked fermented milk.
Meat: lean beef, turkey, pork.
Offal (beef, pork): liver, tongue, kidneys.
Cod and sea bass.
Buckwheat, rice or corn bread.
Oil: butter, sunflower, olive.
Brussels sprouts, white cabbage, cauliflower.
Rutabagas, pumpkins, zucchini, turnips.
Broccoli, green salad, spinach, herbs.
Green apple, pear, white currant and cherry, eggplant.
Compote with apples and pears (also dried), rose juice, weakly brewed tea.
Mineral water without gas.
Diet and food for allergies
Food for allergies in children and adults is described in the form of medical tables. Product list and menus areaccording to dietary tables number 5 and number 9.
To the children
An anti-allergic diet in children requires the simultaneous exclusion of products that strengthen the reaction and the preparation of a diet that spares the digestive organs (in children, gastrointestinal dysfunction often occurs due to very heavy food, due to immaturity of the liver and an amountless enzymes than in adults). It is necessary to use hypoallergenic products with low fat content with sufficient carbohydrate intake. For thisAppropriate medical table number 5, with the exception of food immunostimulants.
Table number 5
It is also used for gastrointestinal dysfunction, liver and gall bladder diseases.
Nutrients:
Proteins - 80-90 g / day (in the ratio of animal and vegetable proteins 3: 2);
fats - 70-75 g / day (¼ - for vegetable oils);
carbohydrates - 360 g / day (equivalent to 80-90 g of sugar);
water - 2-2, 5 l / day;
calories - 2400 kcal / day.
Recommended products:
Bakery products:dry, from flour with bran and flour of the 1st class, yesterday's bread, premium cookies.
It is impossible: fresh pastries, muffins.Soups.Vegetable soup with zucchini, cauliflower or Brussels sprouts, spinach, pumpkin; milk soup with milk diluted with water (1: 1); with highly boiled cereals (oatmeal, semolina, rice). For the dressing - butter, sour cream, flour.
It is impossible: soup from meat, fish, beans and mushrooms.Meat.Lean types: rabbit, turkey, chicken, lean beef, pork; cooked skinless and live. The meat is boiled, steamed in the form of minced meat or a whole piece (chicken).
It is impossible: brains, kidneys, smoked products and sausage, fried and cooked meat in one piece, fatty poultry (duck, goose) and meat (pork, beef).Fish.Low-fat varieties, mostly freshwater. Boiled or steamed, in the form of kittens and a whole piece.
It is impossible: fried, battered, fatty varieties; salted, boiled, canned; caviar.Dairy.Low-fat dairy products: fresh cottage cheese (5-9%), sour cream (15%), kefir (1%), mature fermented milk (2. 5%). Watery milk for soups, cereals.
It is impossible: fatty cottage cheese, sour cream, cream; processed and hard cheese; whole and dry milk.Eggs.0, 5-1 pieces / day; steamed and boiled.
It is impossible: more than 1 egg per day, other dishes.Cereals.On water, milk with water (1: 1) - rice, semolina, semolina, buckwheat (limited), vermicelli, semolina and rice souffle, buckwheat and rice flour.
Not allowed: legumes, millet.Vegetables.Potatoes, carrots, cauliflower and Brussels sprouts, spinach, squash, broccoli, zucchini, zucchini, boiled or steamed squash, cucumbers.
It is impossible: white cabbage, onions, pickled vegetables, canned foods, pickles, beets, radishes, radishes, turnips, sorrel, garlic, tomatoes, mushrooms, legumes.Fruits, sweets.Green apples, eggplants, limited - apricots, white cherries and currants, pears in raw form, mashed, boiled; as part of jelly, mousse, jelly.
Not allowed: sour fruits, exotic fruits, bright red fruits, creams, chocolate, ice cream.Sauces.In vegetable broth, stewed grains, with a small amount of low-fat sour cream; with unbaked flour.
It is impossible: mayonnaise, ketchup, in meat, fish, mushroom soup; fatty and spicy sauce.Drinks.Weak green tea without additives; pear, apple and eggplant compote; from dried fruits; rose decoction.
It is impossible: cocoa, coffee, black tea and tea with additives (including lemon); bright red berry compote; citrus drinks; carbonated drinks.Fats.Butter - up to 30 g / day; sunflower and olive oil (limited).
The time during which a person should sit on an anti-allergic diet is limited: for adults - 2-3 weeks; for children - 7-10 days. If, when the diet is canceled, a rash appears on the skin and manifestations of the recurrence of the allergy, the product to which the reaction occurred should be excluded.
Table number 9
It is prescribed for metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune and allergic diseases. It requires restriction of carbohydrates in the diet, therefore it is mainly prescribed for adults and children with intolerance to lactose, sucrose, etc.
Nutrients:
Proteins: 85-90 g/day (50-60% - of animal origin);
Fats: 70-80 g / day (40-45% - vegetable oils);
Carbohydrates - only complex; 300-350 g/day;
Water: 1, 5-2 l/day;
Caloric content: 2200-2400 kcal / day.
Recommended dishes and products:
Flour:bran, bread with protein bran, from flour of the second class; wheat protein. Cookies and pastries without sugar (at the expense of bread).
It is impossible: muffins, pastries, products with premium flour.Soups:vegetables; borscht and cabbage soup in a weak soup; beetroot; lean meat and fish soups; okroshka from vegetables / with meat; soups with meatballs (without fat).
It is impossible: rich, fatty soups; mushroom soup; with beans.Meat:lean beef, veal, lamb, pork (fillet / cue ball); rabbit, turkey, chicken; boiled tongue; liver (limited). In the form of boiled, boiled, steamed; beat the boiled meat after lightly frying chopped and a piece.
It is impossible: smoked meat, sausages, fatty meat, duck, goose, stew.Fish:lean varieties steamed, lightly fried, grilled, baked without oil. Canned food in tomatoes (limit).
It is impossible: fatty varieties, exotic varieties of marine fish; seafood; semi-finished products, pickles and canned foods in oil; caviar.Dairy:low-fat milk (1. 5-2. 5%), or diluted with water for cereals; fermented milk products with low fat content (cottage cheese 0-5%; kefir 1%; ryadanka 2, 5%); average - sour cream 15%. Unsalted varieties of low-fat cheese (cheese, feta, ricotta).
It is impossible: cream; sweet curd; hard and salty cheeses.Eggs:no more than 1, 5 pieces / day; boiled (soft boiled, hard boiled); steamed protein omelet; reduce consumption of yolk.
Cereals:moderately (according to the rate of carbohydrates): millet, pearl barley, buckwheat, barley grains, oatmeal.
Not allowed: legumes, rice, pasta, oatmeal.Vegetables:potatoes (XE limit), eggplant, cucumbers, tomatoes and beets (limited), carrots, broccoli, zucchini, squash, lettuce, Brussels sprouts and cauliflower, spinach, zucchini, squash. Boiled, boiled, baked dishes; limited - fried.
It is impossible: pickling, canning.Snacks:vinaigrette, vegetable caviar (zucchini), fresh salad, pickled herring, fish aspic, meat, diet cheeses (except tofu), beef jelly.
It is impossible: smoked meat, fatty foods, sausages, lard, foods with liver and mushrooms, pickles, canned food.Fruits, sweets:fresh fruits and berries (sweet and sour), jelly, masa, sambuca, compote; sweets with sugar substitutes.
Not allowed: chocolate, sweets, ice cream, jam, exotic fruits (bananas, figs, dates), raisins and grapes.Sauces, spices:low-fat in vegetable juices, lean meat and fish; limit - tomato sauce, pepper, mustard, horseradish.
Not allowed: fatty sauces with lots of spices.Drink:tea without additives, vegetable and fruit juices (unsweetened), rose juice.
Not allowed: drinks with sugar, soda, grapes and other sweet fruit/berry juices.Fats:butter without fat, olive and without salt.
It is impossible: meat and cooking fat (fried, lard, etc. ).
In nursing mothers
A hypoallergenic diet for a nursing mother avoids food reactions in a newborn and reduces gas formation in an infant. Strictdietary restrictions are important in the first 3 months of the baby's life, because:
The nervous regulation of digestion and peristalsis remains immature (one of the causes of colic in newborns);
the digestive system is adapting: previously, the child received nutrients from the mother's blood through the umbilical cord; the motility of the gastrointestinal tract begins and the production of gastrointestinal hormones, the active production of bile and pancreatic, duodenal, gastric fluids;
enzymes in the baby's body are produced in limited quantities. Excess nutrients are not digested, which also causes abdominal pain and bloating;
unformed immunity (up to 6 months). Body protection is provided by immunoglobulins from mother's milk.
When compiling the diet of lactating women, it is important that it has enough calories. Daily energy consumption due to lactation increases by 500 kcal.
Due to the increased adaptive abilities of the child's body, the diet for hepatitis B should be as strict as possible in the first 1-2 weeks of the child's life, with a gradual relaxation of food restrictions and the introduction of a small amount ofcloud. products.
1-2 weeks
Totally excluded (what is impossibleeateven in small doses)
cocoa and chocolate;
coffee, strong tea;
legumes;
fatty meat, rich soups;
oily fish and seafood;
fruit;
White cabbage;
milk;
eggs;
muffins and pastries from premium flour;
honey;
nuts
Available in limited quantities:
Crackers from first grade flour, bran flour;
lean varieties of fish;
liver (except birds);
lean beef, chicken;
corn, buckwheat;
butter and olive oil;
ripe green apples;
potatoes;
sugar;
tea.
The basis of the diet is (sparinghypoallergenicfood):
Low-fat dairy products;
lean meat: rabbit, turkey; lean soups from lean meat;
vegetables and their soup: cauliflower, Brussels sprouts; broccoli; Patisson, courgette, courgette; spinach; some onions and carrots;
cereals: rice, buckwheat, millet, wheat, oatmeal; moderately - corn, semolina;
fermented milk products: cottage cheese 5-9%; sour cream 15%; kefir, baked fermented milk, dietary cheeses (ricotta, feta, unsalted cheese);
herbal teas (including lactation teas: anise, fennel, fennel, chamomile), rose decoction, weak green tea without additives;
sweets: crackers from first-class flour or bran; dried bread with bran (you can - a sandwich with a thin layer of butter no more than 1 piece / day), cookies with cookies (with bran, from premium flour - limited);
2-3 weeks - 1. 5 months
Completely exclude foods with many allergens, as in the first 14 days, except for:
Milk.Use diluted milk no more than 1-2 times a week to make cereal. If a rash appears on the baby's skin, milk is excluded from the diet of a nursing mother.
the eggs.In boiled form, no more than 1 piece / week; in the absence of a reaction in the baby - bring to 1 piece / day, limit the protein.
Gradually introduce into the diet:
Fruits and vegetables characteristic of the yellow and red region:pumpkin, yellow apples (starting with 1/4 apple per day in ripe form), bananas (from 1/4 per day); increasing potatoes in the diet; beetroot (boiled with 1 tablespoon chopped); tomatoes (start by adding tomato paste (1/2 package for 4 servings) or steamed vegetables (no more than 1/2 medium tomato at a time)); new vegetables are always introduced in baked / boiled form.
Different types of meat:beef, veal, pork, chicken (low-fat parts - top cue, fillet, etc. ). Increasing the intake of liver, gradually introducing chicken liver.
Increase your intake of lean fish.
The diet always suits the child. If the baby has a rash when a new product is turned on, it is immediately removed from the woman's diet.
Up to 3 months, the intestinal nervous system has not yet formed, so you cannot eat food that promotes gas formation and is difficult to digest:
fatty meat, strong soups, lard;
legumes;
heavy fruits and berries rich in fiber and sugar: cherries, grapes, pears.
3-6 months
The main adaptation phase is over. Now, in a woman's diet, you can gradually include all foods, except:
Cocoa, chocolate, coffee;
semi-finished products, sausages and smoked meat;
sauces (mayonnaise, ketchup);
honey, nuts;
citrus fruits and strawberries.
The rest of the products are introduced gradually, observing the baby's reaction (appearance of colic pains, rashes). It is recommended to include legume soups in the diet from 4-5 months of the child's life, starting with 1/4 portion each time.
Within a day, 1 new product is introduced to monitor the condition of the baby. Therefore, borscht and other complex dishes should be eaten after the baby is used to all the ingredients (beets, tomatoes, cabbage, etc. ).
6-12 months
After 6 months, complementary foods are introduced to children, so you can not adhere to dietary restrictions (except for the above hyperallergens).
Complementary foods start with cereals (buckwheat, rice, wheat), giving 1 teaspoon as the first portion. Porridge is boiled in mother's milk and water, without adding fats and spices. For the first meal, it is allowed to give home-fermented milk drinks from low-fat milk (2. 5%): kefir, yogurt without additives and sugar. The child is given only fresh food (1-2 days after preparation).
They begin to introduce complementary foods at lunch (12. 00), breastfeed the child. For a week, the child should adapt to a portion of food that replaces complementary foods. After that, the previously introduced product is given in the morning (8. 00-9. 00), and new products are introduced for lunch.